What is a potential complication of starting radiotherapy too soon following extensive oral surgery?

Starting radiotherapy too soon after extensive oral surgery can lead to osteoradionecrosis, which is a severe complication characterized by the death of bone tissue in the irradiated area. When radiotherapy is initiated shortly after surgery, it can compromise the blood supply to the area, impairing the healing process of the surrounding tissues and bones.

The radiotherapy affects not only the tumor but also healthy tissues, particularly in the oral region where blood circulation is essential for healing. If the tissues are still in the healing phase after surgery, the introduction of radiation can result in inadequate recovery and increase the risk of bone necrosis. Consequently, this leads to chronic pain, potential infection, and further complications.

Management usually involves waiting a specified period after surgery before starting radiotherapy, allowing for adequate healing. By doing so, the risk of osteoradionecrosis is significantly minimized, promoting a safer patient outcome. Other complications such as bone frailty, higher risk of infection, or delayed healing, while relevant, are less immediately associated with the direct effect of radiotherapy when initiated prematurely in the context of extensive oral surgery.